Yehezkiel 43:13--46:24
Konteks43:13 “And these are the measurements of the altar: 1 Its base 2 is 1¾ feet 3 high, 4 and 1¾ feet 5 wide, and its border nine inches 6 on its edge. This is to be the height 7 of the altar. 43:14 From the base of the ground to the lower edge is 3½ feet, 8 and the width 1¾ feet; 9 and from the smaller ledge to the larger edge, 7 feet, 10 and the width 1¾ feet; 43:15 and the altar hearth, 7 feet, and from the altar hearth four horns projecting upward. 43:16 Now the altar hearth 11 is a perfect square, 21 feet 12 long and 21 feet wide. 43:17 The ledge is 24½ feet 13 long and 24½ feet wide on four sides; the border around it is 10½ inches, 14 and its surrounding base 1¾ feet. 15 Its steps face east.”
43:18 Then he said to me: “Son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: These are the statutes of the altar: On the day it is built to offer up burnt offerings on it and to sprinkle blood on it, 16 43:19 you will give a young bull for a sin offering to the Levitical priests who are descended from Zadok, who approach me to minister to me, declares the sovereign Lord. 43:20 You will take some of its blood, and place it on the four horns of the altar, on the four corners of the ledge, and on the border all around; you will cleanse it and make atonement for it. 17 43:21 You will also take the bull for the sin offering, and it will be burned in the appointed place in the temple, outside the sanctuary.
43:22 “On the second day, you will offer a male goat without blemish for a sin offering. They will purify the altar just as they purified it with the bull. 43:23 When you have finished purifying it, you will offer an unblemished young bull and an unblemished ram from the flock. 43:24 You will present them before the Lord, and the priests will scatter salt on them 18 and offer them up as a burnt offering to the Lord.
43:25 “For seven days you will provide every day a goat for a sin offering; a young bull and a ram from the flock, both without blemish, will be provided. 43:26 For seven days they will make atonement for the altar and cleanse it, so they will consecrate it. 19 43:27 When the prescribed period is over, 20 on the eighth day and thereafter the priests will offer up on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings; 21 I will accept you, declares the sovereign Lord.”
44:1 Then he brought me back by way of the outer gate of the sanctuary which faces east, but it was shut. 44:2 The Lord said to me: “This gate will be shut; it will not be opened, and no one will enter by it. For the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it; therefore it will remain shut. 44:3 Only the prince may sit in it to eat a sacrificial meal 22 before the Lord; he will enter by way of the porch of the gate and will go out by the same way.”
44:4 Then he brought me by way of the north gate to the front of the temple. As I watched, I noticed 23 the glory of the Lord filling the Lord’s temple, and I threw myself face down. 44:5 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, pay attention, 24 watch closely and listen carefully to 25 everything I tell you concerning all the statutes of the Lord’s house and all its laws. Pay attention to the entrances 26 to the temple with all the exits of the sanctuary. 44:6 Say to the rebellious, 27 to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough of all your abominable practices, O house of Israel! 44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate 28 it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You 29 have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices. 44:8 You have not kept charge of my holy things, but you have assigned foreigners 30 to keep charge of my sanctuary for you. 44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. 31
44:10 “‘But the Levites who went far from me, straying off from me after their idols when Israel went astray, will be responsible for 32 their sin. 44:11 Yet they will be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the temple, and serving the temple. They will slaughter the burnt offerings and the sacrifices for the people, and they will stand before them to minister to them. 44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle 33 to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow 34 concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible 35 for their sin. 44:13 They will not come near me to serve me as priest, nor will they come near any of my holy things, the things which are most sacred. They will bear the shame of the abominable deeds they have committed. 44:14 Yet I will appoint them to keep charge of the temple, all of its service and all that will be done in it.
44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok 36 who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord. 44:16 They will enter my sanctuary, and approach my table to minister to me; they will keep my charge.
44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. 37
44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads 38 nor let their hair grow long; 39 they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel 40 or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. 41
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; 42 they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe 43 my Sabbaths.
44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; 44 however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest 45 has become ceremonially clean, they 46 must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.
44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. 47 44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind 48 will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. 49
45:1 “‘When you allot the land as an inheritance, you will offer an allotment 50 to the Lord, a holy portion from the land; the length will be eight and a quarter miles 51 and the width three and one-third miles. 52 This entire area will be holy. 53 45:2 Of this area a square 875 feet 54 by 875 feet will be designated for the sanctuary, with 87½ feet 55 set aside for its open space round about. 45:3 From this measured area you will measure a length of eight and a quarter miles 56 and a width of three and one-third miles; 57 in it will be the sanctuary, the most holy place. 45:4 It will be a holy portion of the land; it will be for the priests, the ministers of the sanctuary who approach the Lord to minister to him. It will be a place for their houses and a holy place for the sanctuary. 58 45:5 An area eight and a quarter miles 59 in length and three and one-third miles 60 in width will be for the Levites, who minister at the temple, as the place for the cities 61 in which they will live.
45:6 “‘Alongside the portion set apart as the holy allotment, you will allot for the city an area one and two-thirds miles 62 wide and eight and a quarter miles 63 long; it will be for the whole house of Israel.
45:7 “‘For the prince there will be land on both sides of the holy allotment and the allotted city, alongside the holy allotment and the allotted city, on the west side and on the east side; it will be comparable in length to one of the portions, from the west border to the east border 45:8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes.
45:9 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction, and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, 64 declares the sovereign Lord. 45:10 You must use just balances, 65 a just dry measure (an ephah), 66 and a just liquid measure (a bath). 67 45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, 68 and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure. 45:12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Sixty shekels 69 will be a mina for you.
45:13 “‘This is the offering you must offer: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat; a sixth of an ephah from a homer of barley, 45:14 and as the prescribed portion of olive oil, one tenth of a bath from each kor (which is ten baths or a homer, for ten baths make a homer); 45:15 and one sheep from each flock of two hundred, from the watered places of Israel, for a grain offering, burnt offering, and peace offering, to make atonement for them, declares the sovereign Lord. 45:16 All the people of the land will contribute 70 to this offering for the prince of Israel. 45:17 It will be the duty of the prince to provide the burnt offerings, the grain offering, and the drink offering at festivals, on the new moons and Sabbaths, at all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel; he will provide the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.
45:18 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the first month, on the first day of the month, you must take an unblemished young bull and purify the sanctuary. 45:19 The priest will take some of the blood of the sin offering and place it on the doorpost of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the doorpost of the gate of the inner court. 45:20 This is what you must do on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins inadvertently or through ignorance; so you will make atonement for the temple.
45:21 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, and for seven days bread made without yeast will be eaten. 45:22 On that day the prince will provide for himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. 45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 45:24 He will provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a gallon 71 of olive oil for each ephah of grain. 72 45:25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, 73 he will make the same provisions for the sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering, and for the olive oil, for the seven days.
46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east 74 will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. 46:2 The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside, and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening. 46:3 The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons. 46:4 The burnt offering which the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram. 46:5 The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, 75 and a gallon 76 of olive oil with an ephah. 46:6 On the day of the new moon he will offer 77 an unblemished young bull, and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish. 46:7 He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, 78 and a gallon 79 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 80 46:8 When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.
46:9 “‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead. 46:10 When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.
46:11 “‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, 81 and a gallon 82 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 83 46:12 When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out. 84
46:13 “‘You 85 will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you 86 will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon 87 of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.
46:16 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as 88 his inheritance, it will belong to his sons, it is their property by inheritance. 46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; 89 then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”
46:19 Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests which faced north. There I saw 90 a place at the extreme western end. 46:20 He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”
46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed 91 that in every corner of the court there was a court. 46:22 In the four corners of the court were small 92 courts, 70 feet 93 in length and 52½ feet 94 in width; the four were all the same size. 46:23 There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around. 46:24 Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”
[43:13] 1 tn Heb “the measurements of the altar by cubits, the cubit being a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes. On the altar see Ezek 40:47.
[43:13] 2 tn The Hebrew term normally means “bosom.” Here it refers to a hollow in the ground.
[43:13] 3 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 4 tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
[43:13] 5 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 6 tn Heb “one span.” A span was three handbreadths, or about nine inches (i.e., 22.5 cm).
[43:13] 7 tc Heb “bulge, protuberance, mound.” The translation follows the LXX.
[43:14] 8 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[43:14] 9 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm; the phrase occurs again later in this verse).
[43:14] 10 tn Heb “four cubits” (i.e., 2.1 meters; the phrase also occurs in the next verse).
[43:16] 11 tn The precise Hebrew word used here to refer to an “altar hearth” occurs only here in the OT.
[43:16] 12 tn Heb “twelve cubits” (i.e., 6.3 meters; the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
[43:17] 13 tn Heb “fourteen”; the word “cubits” is not in the Hebrew text but is understood from the context; the phrase occurs again later in this verse. Fourteen cubits is about 7.35 meters.
[43:17] 14 tn Heb “half a cubit” (i.e., 26.25 cm).
[43:17] 15 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:18] 16 sn For the “sprinkling of blood,” see Lev 1:5, 11; 8:19; 9:12.
[43:20] 17 sn Note the similar language in Lev 16:18.
[43:24] 18 sn It is likely that salt was used with sacrificial meals (Num 18:19; 2 Chr 13:5).
[43:26] 19 tn Heb “fill its hands.”
[43:27] 20 tn Heb “and they will complete the days.”
[43:27] 21 sn The people also could partake of the food of the peace offering (Lev 3).
[44:3] 22 tn Heb “to eat bread.”
[44:4] 23 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[44:5] 24 tn Heb “set your heart” (so also in the latter part of the verse).
[44:5] 25 tn Heb “Set your mind, look with your eyes, and with your ears hear.”
[44:5] 26 tc The Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum read the plural. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:618.
[44:6] 27 tc The LXX reads “house of rebellion.”
[44:7] 28 tn Heb “to desecrate.”
[44:7] 29 tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”
[44:8] 30 tc Instead of an energic nun (ן), the text may have read a third masculine plural suffix ם (mem), “them,” which was confused with ן (nun) in the old script. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:621.
[44:8] tn This word is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.
[44:9] 31 sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.
[44:10] 32 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:12] 33 tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).
[44:12] 34 tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”
[44:12] 35 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:15] 36 sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).
[44:19] 37 sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.
[44:20] 38 sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).
[44:20] 39 sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).
[44:22] 40 tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”
[44:23] 41 sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).
[44:24] 42 sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.
[44:24] 43 tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”
[44:25] 44 sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).
[44:26] 45 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[44:26] 46 tc One medieval Hebrew
[44:28] 47 sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.
[44:30] 48 tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.
[44:31] 49 tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.
[44:31] sn For this law, see Lev 7:24; 17:15.
[45:1] 50 tn Heb “a contribution.”
[45:1] 51 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers). The measuring units here are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard miles (one mile = 5,280 feet), with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.
[45:1] 52 tc The LXX reads “twenty thousand cubits.”
[45:1] tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:1] 53 tn Heb “holy it is in all its territory round about.”
[45:2] 54 tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters); the phrase occurs twice in this verse.
[45:2] 55 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[45:3] 56 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:3] 57 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:4] 58 tc The LXX apparently understood “open land” instead of “sanctuary.”
[45:5] 59 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:5] 60 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:5] 61 tc The translation follows the LXX here. The MT reads “twenty.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:246.
[45:6] 62 tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).
[45:6] 63 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:9] 64 sn Evictions of the less fortunate by the powerful are described in 1 Kgs 21:1-16; Jer 22:1-5, 13-17; Ezek 22:25.
[45:10] 65 sn Previous legislation regarding this practice may be found in Lev 19:35-36; Deut 25:13-16; Mic 6:10-12.
[45:10] 66 tn Heb “ephah,” which was 1/2 bushel.
[45:10] 67 tn Heb “bath,” a liquid measure, was 5 1/2 gallons.
[45:11] 68 sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.
[45:12] 69 tn Heb “twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels.”
[45:24] 71 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[45:24] 72 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[45:25] 73 sn That is, the Feast of Temporary Shelters, traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles (Exod 23:16; 34:22; Deut 16:16).
[46:1] 74 sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).
[46:5] 75 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:5] 76 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:6] 77 tn The phrase “he will offer” is not in the Hebrew text but is warranted from the context.
[46:7] 78 tn Heb “with the lambs as his hand can reach.”
[46:7] 79 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:7] 80 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:11] 81 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:11] 82 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:11] 83 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:12] 84 tn Heb “he shall shut the gate after he goes out.”
[46:13] 85 tc A few Hebrew
[46:14] 86 tc Two medieval Hebrew
[46:14] 87 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:16] 88 tn The Hebrew text has no preposition; the LXX reads “from” (see v. 17).
[46:17] 89 sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).
[46:19] 90 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:21] 91 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:22] 92 tc The meaning of the Hebrew term is unclear. The LXX and Syriac render “small.”
